通信技術(shù)的發(fā)展以及電子產(chǎn)品消費(fèi)能力的持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)正在導(dǎo)致全球范圍內(nèi)廢棄電器電子產(chǎn)品的數(shù)量快速增長(zhǎng)。而事實(shí)上，廢棄電器電子產(chǎn)品中含有大量可回收的材料及有害物質(zhì)，因此如何回收處理成為一個(gè)重要的環(huán)境問(wèn)題。在中國(guó)，截止到2020年，五種最常見(jiàn)的家用電器（電視，洗衣機(jī)，空調(diào)，冰箱和電腦）的廢棄數(shù)量將從2010年的1300億臺(tái)增加到2210億臺(tái)。目前，有正規(guī)許可牌照的工廠主要處理的是廢棄陰極射線管（CRT）電視。眾所周知，傳統(tǒng)的陰極射線管顯示器正在被液晶顯示器（LCD）和發(fā)光二極管所取代。因此，大量傳統(tǒng)的陰極射線管電視被丟棄，導(dǎo)致處理量不斷增加。根據(jù)環(huán)境保護(hù)部（MEP）的數(shù)據(jù)，2014年已有超過(guò)5763萬(wàn)臺(tái)陰極射線管電視得到正規(guī)回收商的處理。因此，廢棄陰極射線管電視的處理將會(huì)受到中國(guó)環(huán)境管理領(lǐng)域的長(zhǎng)期關(guān)注。

廢棄電子電氣產(chǎn)品（WEEE）已成為增長(zhǎng)最快的固體廢物之一。 WEEE處理設(shè)施的發(fā)展將促進(jìn)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)的廢物管理。目前，中國(guó)WEEE處理系統(tǒng)主要針對(duì)的是陰極射線管電視（CRT TVs）的處理。本文通過(guò)生命周期評(píng)價(jià)（LCA）的方法對(duì)中國(guó)CRT TVs所帶來(lái)的能源使用和溫室氣體（GHG）排放進(jìn)行了估算，并結(jié)合三種可能情景進(jìn)行了分析，這三種情景分別是：

（i）中國(guó)目前的實(shí)際情況（中國(guó)現(xiàn)狀情景，情景一），（ii）受中國(guó)WEEE指令激勵(lì)的情況（WEEE回收激勵(lì)情景，情景二），以及（iii）發(fā)展更先進(jìn)技術(shù)的情況（先進(jìn)技術(shù)情景，情景三）。結(jié)果表明，三種情景所能帶來(lái)的能源使用變化分別為-526.51，-475和-556.07 MJ。同時(shí)，相關(guān)的溫室氣體減排量分別為19.59，20.43和25.82千克二氧化碳當(dāng)量。與情景一相比，情景二在能源使用和溫室氣體排放上均沒(méi)有任何實(shí)質(zhì)性提升。而情景三與情景一相比則更為有效?？紤]到CRT TVs回收中不同部分的貢獻(xiàn)情況，結(jié)果顯示CRT玻璃回收為CRT TVs處理帶來(lái)了最高的能源節(jié)約和溫室氣體減排，準(zhǔn)確的說(shuō)，塑料和玻璃的回收對(duì)于所有應(yīng)計(jì)環(huán)境效益均占主要比例。此外，本文還進(jìn)行了靈敏度分析，以量化收集效率對(duì)鉛（Pb）回收率的影響。最后基于上述結(jié)果，對(duì)中國(guó)WEEE處理系統(tǒng)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提出了一些建議。

ABSTRACT

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has become one of the fastest growing solid waste. The development of WEEE treatment facility will promote the infrastructure to realize sustainable waste management. At present, the treatment of cathode ray tube televisions (TVs) forms the dominant part of the WEEE treatment system in China. In this paper, a life cycle assessment is conducted to estimate the energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions arising from CRT TV treatment. Three treatment scenarios for CRT TV are analysed: (i) the current situation in China (Current China Scenario), (ii) one with encouragement from China’s WEEE Directive (WEEE Directive Scenario), and (iii) the development of more advanced techniques (Advanced Technique Scenario). The results show that the changes in energy use caused by the three scenarios are ?526.51, ?475, and ?556.07 MJ, respectively. Meanwhile, the relevant GHG emissions are ?19.59, ?20.43, and ?25.82 kg CO2-eq, respectively. The scenario involving encouragement from China’s WEEE Directive offers no benefit compared to the current situation in terms of energy use and GHG emissions. Moreover, the Advanced Technique Scenario is more efficient than the Current China Scenario. In consideration of the main contribution, the results reveal that CRT glass recycling contributes the highest energy use and GHG emissions to CRT TV treatment, besides, displaced plastic and displaced glass account for the main proportions with regard to any accrued environmental gain. A sensitivity analysis is also carried out to quantify the influence of collection efficiency and the lead (Pb) recovery rate on environmental performance. In so doing, some recommendations are proposed to realize the sustainable development of the WEEE treatment system in China.

本期編輯
趙步，密西根大學(xué)環(huán)境與可持續(xù)性學(xué)院，博士研究生，研究方向：Data Science Application in Environmental System